TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................... ii
DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF LA ws AND ACTS············ ···················································· ························ ······ V
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... I
GENERAL INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... I
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of Study ................................................................................................................ I
1.2 State1nent of the problem .......................................................................................................... 2
1.3 General Objective ..................................................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Specific Research objectives .................................................................................................. 3
1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Scope of the study ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Geographical scope ................................................................................................................ 4
1.6.1 Content scope ......................................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Signifi cance of the study ........................................................................................................... 4
1.8 Li1nitations of the study ............................................................................................................ 4
1.9 Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 5
1.10 Literature review ..................................................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................ 14
THE POLLUTER PAY PRINCIPLE ....................................................................................... 14
2. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 14
2.2 Rationale of the PPP ............................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Polluter pays principle is a push-button for environmental protection ................................... 20
2.4 Agriculture and the Polluter Pays Principle ............................................................................ 22
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 24
THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE IN UGANDA LAW ........................................ 24
3 .1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 24
vi
3.2 Precautionary Principle ........................................................................................................... 24
3.3 The concept of sustainable development ................................................................................ 26
3 .4 Pollution control. ..................................................................................................................... 28
3 .5 Application of the principle Brief history ............................................................................... 29
3.5.1 Application of the Polluter-Pays Principle .......................................................................... 34
35.2 Exceptions ............................................................................................................................. 37
3 .6 Effectiveness of the 'polluter pays' principle ......................................................................... 37
3.7 Principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities ...................................................... 38
3.8 Declaration which states ......................................................................................................... 38
3.9 Participatory Principle ............................................................................................................ 39
3. IO The International Treats on polluter pay ............................................................................... 40
CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 43
POLLUTER PAY AND THE CHALLENGES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 43
4.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 43
4.1 Sources and Approaches ......................................................................................................... 44
4.2 General Principles ................................................................................................................... 47
4.3 Rio Principle IO ...................................................................................................................... 48
4.4 Principles 15 and 16 ................................................................................................................ 50
4.5 Principle 17 ............................................................................................................................. 5 1
4.6 Inter & Intra-generational Equity ............................................................................................ 54
4. 7 Doctrine of Pub! ic Trust. ......................................................................................................... 56
4.8 Environmental Treaties and Players ....................................................................................... 57
4.9 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................................................... 59
CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 63
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................ 63
5.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 63
5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 63
5.2 Recon1mendation .................................................................................................................... 65
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 67
