ACRONYMS
Kenya Wildlife Service
World Wildlife Fund
Lake Nakuru National Parle
Nairobi National Park
Kenya Agricultural institute
Green House Gases
Lake Nakuru Conservation and Development Project
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Audit
NAW ASSCO: Nakuru Water and Sanitation Services Company Limited
NSREP:
LDC'S:
UN:
IUCN:
ITCZ:
NGOS:
GDP:
USS:
EMCA:
MCN:
NEMP:
Km:
Nakuru Sewage Rehabilitation and Expansion Project
Least Developed Countries
United Nations
International Union for the Conservation ofNature and Natural Resources.
Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
non-governmental organizations
Gross Domestic Product
United States Dollars
Environmental Management Coordination Act
Municipal Council ofNakuru
Nakuru Environmental Management Project
Kilometers
iv
m3 cubic Meters
m Meters
mm: Millimeters
0
c: Degrees Celsius
IBA: Important Bird Area
DDT: Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
EU: European Union
PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal
UNEP: United Nation Environmental Programme
GoK: Government of Kenya
FINNIDA: Finnish International Development Agency
DANIDA: Danish International Development Assistance
ASAL: Arid and Semi Arid Lands
ADG: Advanced Development Group
JICA: Japan International Cooperative Agency
MDG: Millennium Development Goals
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Front page ..................................................................................... pg
Declaration ..................................................................................... .i
Dedication ....................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgement ........................................................................... .iii
Acronyms ..................................................................................... .iv
Table ofContents ............................................................................. vi
Appendices ............................................................................................... x
List of tables' .................................................................................. xi
List of charts .................................................................................. xii
List of fignres ................................................................................ xiii
Abstract ........................................................................................ xiv
...... Pg
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Definitions of key concepts ............................................................................ I
1.2 Importance of Protected Areas ..................................................................... 2
1.3 Legislative frame work for the management of Protected Areas in Kenya3
1.3.1 National laws .......................................................................................... 3
1.3 .2 International laws .................................................................................... 7
1.4 Confilct between Protected Areas and Development in Kenya ............... l 0
1.5 Background of the study ............................................................................. 11
1.6 Statement of the problem ............................................................................ 12
1. 7 Objective of the study .................................................................................. 14
1.11 Specific objective of the stndy ..................................................................... 15
1.9 Research questions ....................................................................................... 15
1.10 Scope of the study ........................................................................................ 15
1.11 Significance of the stndy ............................................................................. 15
1.12 Anticipated limitation of the stndy ............................................................ I 6
vi
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 I11troductio11 .................................................................................................. 17
2.1 Impacts ofla11d use practices on protected areas ..................................... 17
2.1.l Catchment degradation ......................................................................... 20
2.1.2 Human settlement ................................................................................. 21
2.1.3 Industrialization and urbanization ......................................................... 23
2.1.4 Agricultural practice as a land use ........................................................ 25
2.1.5 Effects of climate change on wildlife ................................................... 27
2.1.6 Human and animal conflict ................................................................... 28
2.2 Minimizing the effects of land use practices on Protected Areas ............ 29
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Case study: Lake Nakuru National Park ......................................... .33
3.1 Study area ..................................................................................................... 34
3.1.l Rainfall .................................................................................................. 34
3 .1.2 Temperature .......................................................................................... 34
3.1.3 Vegetation ............................................................................................. 35
3.14 Fauna ..................................................................................................... 36
3 .1.5 Human population ................................................................................. 38
3.l.6 Drainage; Hydrology and water balance ............................................... 39
3.1.7 Topography ........................................................................................... 41
3.2 Research design ............................................................................................ 41
3.3 Study population .......................................................................................... 41
3.4 Sample size .................................................................................................... 42
3.5 Sampling frame work .................................................................................. 42
3.5.1 Sampling design .................................................................................... 42
3.5.2 Sampling techniques ............................................................................. 42
3.6 Data collection instruments ......................................................................... 43
3.6.l Questionnaires ....................................................................................... 43
3.6.2 Direct observation ................................................................................. 43
ABSTRACT
This report exposes the Major land use and environmental problems facing Lake Nakuru National Park today, the report focused on the following as its major objectives; identifying the land uses and practices in and around Lake Nakuru National Park, identifying the effects of these land use practices and suggesting possible control measures to mitigate their effects. The researcher used different data collection methods during his actual field expeditions and these methods included; interviewing of respondents, administering of questionnaires, photography and the observation method. The findings revealed that the major threats of Lake Nakuru National park are the uncontrolled land uses and their practices on its catchments. The collective impacts of increased human numbers, expanded settlement, growing small-scale farming activities, tourism, industrial activities and the vast modification of landscape e.g. clearing of vegetation, it has created strife throughout Lake Nakuru National Park ecosystems thus causing the loss destruction of flora and fauna. Secondly findings acquired showed that the major causes of failure to reduces the impacts of Land uses and land use practices within and out side Lake Nakuru National Park is the lack of controlled development on its catchments and lack of enough resources to carry out appropriate conservation measures within the park and mainly on the catchments surrounding Lake Nakuru National Park, the agencies that are responsible on the conservation of the Protected Area have lucked the resources and equipments to effectively implement and set up strategies of restoring biodiversity within the protected areas. Finally various recommendations and solutions to various environmental problems have been prescribed in the report and they are as follows: Promoting complementarities between land uses and biodiversity conservation objectives; Restoring degraded ecosystems where appropriate; Effective Planning; Effective Legislative framework and promoting gender sensitiz.ation on various parks conservation programmes.
