CONSTRUCTION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED VEHICLE SPEED ALARM

The project is based on Construction of microcontroller vehicle speed alarm system which automatically warns the driver by activating a panic alarm which is triggered on when the driver exceeds the speed limit set in the system which also stops the alarm when the speed is reduced below the set speed limit. A speedometer system is used to monitor the speed of the car. The voltage output of the speedometer system is used to set the time the alarm comes on. The other component parts of the system are power unit which comprises of 5volts regulator and diode for reverse voltage prevention, micro controller, analog to digital converter (ADC), LED, resistors, transistors, wires and potentiometer. By proper steps, time and knowledge, one was able to couple the components together to achieve the desired functions which are stated in the various chapters of this report. This system can be used for road safety and measures taken to prevent accident caused by over speeding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS   
  CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION   
1.1    Background of the study   
1.2    The aim and objective   
1.3    Scope of the project   
1.4    Project report organization   
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW   
2.1    Historical background   
2.2Speedometer   
2.3    Voltage regulator   
2.4Transformer   
2.5Diodes   
2.6The opt-coupler   
2.7    Potentiometer   
2.8    Transistor   
2.9    Resistor   
2.10 Microcontroller   
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM OPERATION   
3.1    Block diagram of the project   
3.2    Circuit diagram and operation   
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION   
4.1    Software designing   
4.2    Calculating led resistor value   
4.3    Constructed system circuit   
CHAPTER FIVE: TEST OF RESULTS, PACKAGING   
5.1    Testing of the individual components   
5.2    Unit by unit testing   
5.3    System testing   
5.4    Integration   
5.5    Packaging   
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION   
6.1    Conclusion   
6.2    Problems encountered and solutions   
6.3    Suggestion for further improvements   
6.4    Recommendation   
APPENDIX A: List of system components   
APPENDIX B: Component cost table   
APPENDIX C: System source code   
BIBLIOGRAPHY   
LIST OF FIGURES   
    PAGE
Fig1.1: A modern speedometer   
Fig2.1: A7805 voltage regulator   
Fig2.2: Diagram of step down transformer   
Fig2.3: Diode and its symbol   
Fig2.4: Diode curve graph   
Fig2.5: Opt-isolator with phototransistor   
Fig2.6: LED and its circuit symbol   
Fig2.7: Potentiometer   
Fig2.8: Transistor symbol   
Fig2.9: Resistor and its symbol   
Fig2.10: Resistor with colour bands   
Fig2.11: The pin layout of the microcontroller   
Fig2.12: Architecture of the PIC16F88 microcontroller   
Fig3.1: Block diagram of the project   
Fig 3.2: Flow chart   
Fig3.3: Power supply diagram   
Fig3.4: Hall Effect module   
Fig3.5: LED integrated to the control unit (microcontroller)   
Fig3.6: Complete system diagram   
Fig4.1: Calculating LED resistor value   
Fig4.2: System unit   
LIST OF TABLES   
    PAGE
Table 2.1: The data sheet   
Table 2.2: Colour code and tolerance   
Appendix B Component cost analysis table   

The dashboard instrument cluster in a car organizes a variety of sensors and gauges, including the oil pressure gauge, coolant temperature gauge, fuel level gauge, tachometer and more. But the most prominent gauge and perhaps the most important, at least in terms of how many times you look at it while driving is the speedometer. The job of the speedometer is to indicate the speed of a car in milesper hour, kilometers per hour or both. Even in late-model cars, it's an analog device that uses a needle to point to a specific speed, which the driver reads as a number printed on a dial.

As with any emerging technology, the first speedometers were expensive and available only as options. It wasn't until 1910 that automobile manufacturers began to include the speedometer as standard equipment. One of the first speedometer suppliers was Otto Schulze Auto meter (OSA), a legacy company of Siemens VDO Automotive AG, one of the leading developers of modern instrument clusters.

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