ABSTRACT
This project shows the construction of a microcontroller based security door using smart card. It is aimed towards programming the microcontroller to control the hardware in sliding door. The system consists of a microcontroller 89S52 which sends a signal to the multiplexers on insertion of the smart card in the card slot. The multiplexers consist of ICS which prompts for a display of the identity of the card user in the liquid crystal display (LCD). The LCD displays the status of the card. On validation of the card, the LCD displays a welcome note to the user and prompts for a pin code. The pin code is being keyed in from the key pad. If confirmed by the program written into the microcontroller access will be granted, otherwise no access, giving the user two more chances to insert the correct smartcard or pin code to it, before final denial of access and alarm. When access is granted, the card sends a 5volt signal to the microcontroller which triggers relay, resulting in the opening of the door.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page - - - - - - - i
Approval Page - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement - - - - - iv
Abstract - - - - - - - v
Table of contents - - - - - vi
List of Tables- - - - - - - xi
List of Figures - - - - - - xii
Glossary of Symbols / Abbreviations - - xiii
1.0 Introduction - - - - - - 1
1.1 Areas of application - - - - 4
1.2 Aims and Objectives - - - 5
1.3 Project Scope - - - - - 5
2.0 Literature review - - - - - 6
2.1 Mechanism of Security of access system - - 7
2.1.2 Types of security access system - - - 8
2.1.3 Sound activated lock system - - 8
2.1.4 Shadow detector access system - - - 8
2.1.5 Pressure and pad sensitive security system - 9
2.1.6 Smartcard access system - - - 9
2.1.7 History - - - - - - 10
2.2 The components used - - - 12
2.2.1 The microcontroller - - - - 12
2.2.2 Elements of a microcontroller - - - 12
2.2.2.1 The CPU - - - - - - 13
2.2.2.2 Ram - - - - - - - 13
2.2.2.3 Eprom - - - - - - 14
2.2.2.4 Input / Output - - - - - 14
2.2.3 Relay - - - - - - - 14
2.2.4 Liquid crystal display - - - 16
2.2.5 Key pad - - - - - - 16
2.2.6 Active components - - - - - 17
2.2.6.1 Transistor - - - - - - - 17
2.2.6.2 Diodes - - - - - - 18
2.3.0 Passive component - - - - - 19
2.3.1 Resistor - - - - - - 19
2.3.2 Capacitor - - - - - - 22
2.3.3 Transformer - - - - - - 23
2.4 Micro switches - - -- - - 24
3.0 Design analysis of the electric circuit and
Mechanical unit - - - - - 25
3.1 Hardware design - - - - - 25
3.2 Keypad select module - - - - 27
3.3 Sliding door unit - - - - - 28
3.4 Alarm signal unit - - - - - 31
3.5 Display unit - - - - - - 32
3.5.1 Display unit calculation - - - - 33
3.6 89S52 microcontroller - - - - 34
3.6.1 Powering the microcontroller - - - 37
3.6.2 Crystal oscillator unit - - - - 39
3.7 smartcard unit - - - - - 39
3.8 Power supply unit - - - - - 40
3.8.1 Step down - - - - - - 41
3.8.2 Rectification - - - - - 41
Filtering - - - - - - 43
3.9 synchronous 12v DC motor - - - 44
3.10 mechanical unit - - - - - 45
3.10.1 Fabrication of component parts - - - 45
3.10.2 Mechanism casing - - - - - 46
3.10.3 Door post - - - - - - 46
3.10.4 The door - - - - - - 46
3.11 software development - - - - 47
3.11.1 text editor - - - - - - 47
3.11.2 Translator - - - - - 47
3.11.3 Link / locator - - - - - 48
3.11.4 Loader - - - - - - 48
3.11.5 Testing - - - - - - 48
3.11.6 Debugging - - - - - - 48
3.12 Development process - - - - 49
3.13 Program entry and editing - - 49
3.14 Assembly and linking - - - - 49
3.15 Hexadecimal conversion - - - - 50
3.16 Circuit design diagram - - - - 51
4.0 Material selection, assembly process,
Cost analysis, test and result. - - - 52
4.1 Material selection - - - 52
4.2 Assembly process - - - 53
4.3 Cost analysis - - - - - 53
4.4 Test and Result - - - - 55
5.0 Discussion of results, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Discussion of results - - - 56
5.2 Conclusion - - - - - 56
5.3 Recommendation - - - - 57
References
