Contents
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ABSTRACT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF FIGURES viii
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1: PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
1.2: THE AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE CLAP ON-CLAP OFF SWICHT 2
1.3: JUSTIFICATION OF THE RESEARCH 2
1.4: LITERATURE REVIEW 2
CHAPTER TWO 5
THEORY AND PICTORIAL ANALYSIS 5
2.1: THEORITICAL ANALYSIS 5
2.2: BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION 6
2.3: IMPLEMENTED COMPONENTS 6
2.31: CONDENSER MICROPHONE 6
2.32: RESISTORS 7
2.33: CAPACITORS 8 2.34: TRANSISTORS 8
2.35: 555 IC TIMER 9
2.36: LIGHT EMITTING DIODE 9
2.37: BATTERY 10
2.38: IC 7474 11
CHAPTER 3 12
CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 12
3.1: THE CIRCUIT 12
3.2: THE D-FLIP-FLOP CIRCUIT 13
3.21: FUNCTION/TRUTH TABLE 13
3.3: THE 555 IC TIMER CIRCUIT 14
3.4: DESIGN CALCULATIONS 15
3.41: FOR TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER 15
3.42: FOR THE MICROPHONE 15
CHAPTER 4 17
CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING 17
4.1: CONSTRUCTION AND CHALLENGES 17
4.2: TESTING 17
CHAPTER 5 19
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 19
5.1: CONCLUSION 19
5.2: RECOMMENDATION 19
REFERENCES CITED 20
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLE
FIG1: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SINGLE CLAP-ON CLAP-OFF SWITCH 5
FIG2: CIRCUIT SYMBOL AND DIAGRAM OF A CONDENSER MICROPHONE 7
FIG3: THE SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION OF A RESISTOR 7
FIG4: DIAGRAM OF THE ELECTRONIC SYMBOL OF A RESISTOR 8
FIG5: DIAGRAM OF BC547 TRANCISTOR 9
FIG6: DIAGRAM OF 555 IC TIMER 9
FIG7: DIAGRAM OF AN LED 9
FIG8: DIAGRAM AND SYMBOLLIC REPRESENTATON OF A BATTERY 10
FIG9: DIAGRAM OF A COMPLETE CLAP-ON CLAP-OFF SWITCH CIRCUIT 12
FIG10a: SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF A D TYPE FLIP-FLOP 13
FIG10b: DIAGRAM OF SYMBOLIC NAND GATE ARRANGEMENT IN D TYPE FLIP-FLOP 13 FIG11a: 555 IC TIMER INTERNAL CIRCUIT 14 FIG11b: 555 IC TIMER PIN-OUT DIAGRAM 14
FIG12a: PICTURE OF WORKING SWITCH ON BREAD BOARD AFTER FIRST CLAP 18
FIG12b: PICTURE OF WORKING CIRCUIT ON VERO-BOARD AT OFF-STATE 18
TABLE
TABLE1: D FLIP-FLOP FUNCTION/TRUTH TABLE 1
Abstract
This project is all about a switch that turns on and off by the simple action of clapping. When a first clap is sensed by the sound sensor, the switch turns on and on sensing another clap, it turns off.
It is made to aid the handicapped and those who find it difficult to reach for the switch and it can be used to control all appliances that use switches.
