ABSTRACT The thesis is entitled “Water and Sanitation interventions, and Socio-economic development of Musanze district in the Northern Province of Rwanda”. The study was carried out based on six specific objectives: determine the profiles of respondents as to age, gender, marital status, type of employment, level of income, and education; examine the extent of water and sanitation interventions in the area; identify the level of socioeconomic development on water supply; examine the significant mean difference between variables; and determine a significant relationship between water and sanitation interventions, and the socioeconomic development. This study was descriptive and correlational using qualitative and quantitative methods. The target population involved Community members, Water and Sanitation Stakeholders and Local Leaders. These respondents were selected purposively using simple random. The minimum sample size was computed using the Sloven’s formula, which ended up with 154 respondents out of 250.The data were presented, analysed, and interpreted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Pearson correlation analysis. In relation to water interventions, results indicated that in general, figures from Musanze district are very low, when compared to national averages, and it appeared from the results of the study that the quantity of water taken by households from water points ih Musanze district is usually insufficient to meet the standard for water consumption expected in rural area i.e. at least 20 litres/person/day. This may impact on the socio economic development of the district population due to a possibility of increase of water borne diseases. Findings also showed the low level of access to improved sanitation due to the level of unimproved latrines used which can produce diseases. Concerning handwashing, most of households in Musanze district have means of handwashing facilities however their usage is still negligent. That is the reason why they are many intestinal worms. Results specified that there was a significant relationship between soçio-economic development, water and sanitation interventions. All variables had significant effect between them. Therefore the data provided enough evidence to reject null hypotheis. With regard to recommendations, there is a need to initiate more projects/programs in water and sanitation in the area to increase the coverage, awareness raising programs through behaviour change communication, and sanitation promotion mechanisms in order for households to construct their own individual latrines, and to involve beneficiaries, particularly women and children, in rural water and sanitation programmes in Musanze district.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PreNminaries
DECLARATION A
DECLARATION B ii
APPROVAL SHEET m
DEDICATIO1~N iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v
ABSTRACT vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
Chapter Page
One THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 4
Purpose of the Study 5
Research Objectives 5
Research Questions 6
Hypothesis 6
Scope 6
Significance of the Study 7
Operational Definitions of Key Terms 8
Two REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10
Concepts, Ideas, Opinions from Authors! Experts 10
Theoretical Perspectives 14
Related Studies 15
Three METHODOLOGY 20
Research Design 20
Research Population 20
Sample Size 20
vi’
Sampling Procedures 21
Research Instruments 21
Validity and Rellabifity of the Instruments 22
Data Gathering Procedures 23
Data analysis 23
Ethical Considerations 24
Limitations of the Study 25
Four PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 26
Profile of Respondents 26
Description of the Level of socio-economic development on water supply 29
Description of the Level of water acces 32
Description of the Level of sanitation and handwashing 34
Five FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39
Findings 39
Conclusions 40
Recommendations 41
References 43
Appendices 46
Appendix 1 A :Transmittal Letter 52
Appendix 1 B : Letter frOm Local Government Authority 53
Appendix 1 C :Transmittal Letter for the Respondents 47
Appendix II: Clearance from Ethics Committee 49
Appendix III Informed Consent 49
Appendix IV A :Demographic Characteristics of The Respondents 51
Appendix iv B :Questions Related to Intervention Services on Water supply 53
Appendix IV C : Questions Related to the Water Access 54
Appendix IV D: Questions Related to Sanitation and Handwashing 56
Appendix IV E Questions Related to the Effects of Unhealthy Water
Consumption 57
Researcher’s Curriculum Vitae 58
