ABSTRACT In recent years the entire world is a warring about energy resources limitation, specifically Sudan country confronts critical crises in fossil fuel resources and yet more of electricity energy producing from fired thermal power plants. One from these plants Garri”2” combined cycle producing about 180MW. Exergy analysis in the light second law of thermodynamics is powerful tools to investigate from optimization of engineering devices. Exergy analysis has been carried out analytically for Garri”2” to evaluate exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction of each part; exergy balance and entropy generation calculated to achieve it .The results showed that combustion chambers are the main sources of exergy destruction due to high irreversibilities representing 63% from total exergy destruction, followed by gas turbines 13.6%, steam turbines 6.4%, heat recovery steam generators(HRSGs) 6.3%, stacks (exhaust gases) 4.7%, compressors 3.8% and cooling systems 2.3%. The results also showed that thermal and exergetic efficiencies for entire plant are (38%, 49%) respectively.
LIST OF CONTENT
DIDICATION …………………………………………......................I
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………….…….………....................... II
ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH .............................................................III
ABSTRACT IN ARABIC …………………………………........... IV
LIST OF CONTENT ………………………………………….…....V
LIST OF FIGURES .………...……...…………………...………VIII
LIST OF TABELS ………………………………...………….….. IX
NOMENCALTURE ……………………………………………….X
CHPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background …………………...………………………………..…2
1.2 Problem statement …………………………...……………...……5
1.3 Objective study …………………………………………..……….5
1.4 Scope ……………………………………………………...…......6
1.5 Significance of Research ………………………………………...6
1.6 Thesis outline …………………………………………………..…7
CHPTER TWO: LITRATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 Introduction …………………………………...………………….9
2.2 Exergy analysis ……………………………………………….…12
2.2.1 Exergy formulation …………………………………………....13
VI
2.2.2 Efficiency laws …………………………………………..……16
2.2.2.1 Thermal efficiency ..……………………………..………... 16
2.2.2.1 Thermal efficiency ………………………..………………... 16
2.2.2.2 Carnot efficiency ..........................………………...……….. 17
2.2.2.3 Exergetic (second law) efficiency ………………...……...…18
2.3 Exergy analyzed for thermal power plants ……………….……. 19
CHAPTER THREE: EXERGY ANALYSIS OF Garri”2” CCPP
26
3.1Exergy analysis of combined cycle power plant ……..………….27
3.1.1 Exergy analysis of gas cycle component ……………………...27
3.1.1.1 Exergy analysis of compressor ……...………………...…… 27
3.1.1.2 Exergy analysis of combustion chamber ………………...… 29
3.1.1.3 Exergy analysis of turbine ……………………………..……30
3.1.2 Exergy analysis of steam cycle component ………………..….31
3.1.2.1 Exergy analysis of HRSG ………………...…………………31
3.1.2.2 Exergy analysis of turbine …………..………………………33
3.1.2.3 Exergy analysis for condenser ………………………...........33
3.1.3 Summarize …………………………………………………….34
3.2 Applied exergy analysis on Garri”2” power plant ….……….….36
VII
3.2.1 Plant location ………………………………………….….…...36
3.2.2 Plant specification ……………………………………..………36
3.2.3 Processes flow of plant ……….……………………….….…..37
3.2.4 Operation data………………………………………………….39
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 46
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
56
5.1 Conclusion …………………………………………..…….…….57
5.2 Recommendations …………………………………………..….57
REFRENCES ...……………………………………….…………....59
