INCIDENCE OF NEMATODE IN THE FECAL SAMPLE OF WOMEN IN ENUGU METROPOLIS
A CASE STUDY OF ESUT TEACHING HOSPITAL (PARK LANE) ENUGU
ABSTRACT
The incidence of nematode in the fecal samples of pregnant woman   in   Enugu   metropolis   was   carried   out   on sampled population of one hundred and fifty (150) pregnant women. Were collected from these women in a wide-mouth container. Macroscopic analysis was carried out these detected the consistency of the faecal sample, presence of pus and blood in the sample. Microscopic analysis was then carried out by applying a grain size feacal sample on slide and emulsifying with scum water and then covered with cover slip. The results show that thirty four (34) of the individuals were positive and three nematodes which Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookarm and S. sterocularis larvae were detected in the contamination of food and water consumed by these individual and the need to prevent nematode infection.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0    Introduction                                    
1.1    Classification of nematode                       
1.2    Statement of problem                           
1.3    Objective of study                                
1.4    Limitations                                
1.5    Justification                                    
CHAPTER TWO
2.0    Literature review                                 
2.1    Control of parasitic Nematode                       
2.2    Transmission Mechanism of Nematode infection        
2.3    Geographical Distribution of parasitic Nematode.        
2.4    Biology of Nematode                               
2.5    Pathogen city of Nematode in man                    
2.6    Medical Importance of parasitic Nematode.             
2.7    Symptoms of Nematode infection                    
2.8    Diagnosis of Nematode infection                    
2.9    Treatment                                      
CHAPTER THREE
3.0    Materials and method                           
3.1    Materials (See Appendix)                        
3.2    Methodology                                
3.2.1    Collection of sample                            
3.2.2    Macroscopic examination                        
3.2.3    Stool analysis/microscopy                        
3.2.4    Identification of parasite                        
3.3    Study area                                    
3.4    Population studied                             
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0    Result                                    
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0    Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendation        
5.1    Discussion                                    
5.2    Conclusion                                     
5.3    Recommendation                             
REFERENCES                                
APPENDIX                                 
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1         Microscopic Examination of Faecal samples    
TABLE II     Microscopic Examination of Nematode         
TABLE III    Incidence of Nematode in Faecal sample        
TABLE IV    Percentage Incidence of Nematode infection    
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Nematodes is one of the major type of parasite in order words, parasites are organisms which have adapted themselves in or on another organism (host) and live at the expense of the tissues and fluids of the host, deriving their nutritional needs and protection from the host (Crew, 1999)
1.1 CLASSIFICATION OF NEMATODE
Nematodes can be classified into two based on the habit of worms which include
•    Intestinal nematodes
•    Somatic nematodes
Intestinal nematode are divided into two
a.    Small intestine e.g. A lumbricoides, A. duodenal.
b.    Large intestine e.g. E. vermicularis, to trichivra.
Somatic nematodes are divided into four
A.    Lymphatic system e.g. W. Bancroft B. malayi
B.    Subcutaneous tissues e.g. loaloa onchocerca volvulus
D. medinensis
C.    Body cavity e.g. mansonella perstans m. ozzardi
D.    Conjunctiva e.g. Loa Loa
However Ascaris sp. And Trichuris sp. Rank among the most common nematode infection in the world. Another group of nematodes which is common is the filarial worms (chiefly Bancroft).
According to the world health organization, Nematode infection has been traumatic in the last decade and most countries in the world has not been able to control the effect of infection by nematode.  been nematode endemic occurring in different part of the world (W.H.O, 1999).
According to health Gariki District hospital, 10 people are being admitted in the hospital because infection by nematodes are 5 out of these individual  infective Larva and ingestion of under cooked meat containing cyst.
Nematode cause disease in humans which include liver abscess, abdominal cramps, pains, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and weight loss.
Ascaris lumbricoides, has world wide distribution being specially prevalent in the tropics as china and southeast Asia. It is estimated that it affects about 25% of the world population the highest prevalence is in malnourished people residing in developing countries. Areas with modern water and waste treatment have a low incidence of the infection with this parasite.
Trichuris trichiura is cosmopolitan in distribution but is more common in the warm, moist regions of the world.
Wucheraria bancrofit occurs in Asia Africa, Cheasbrough (1998), in the epidemiology of nematode infection points out that in American, sub-Saharan African, southern Asia the nematodes;
Nectar american predominate, this according to data posses a less traumatic effect as it causes mere abnormality in the intestine of man. But in Europe, the Middle East and North African, the nematode; Anyclostoma duodenal predominates. The effect produced by this worm is traumatic as in all case leads to anemia. In urban areas of African where there are non-existence of good portable water and improper cooking /handling of food material, about 70% of the infection occurs there.
Many works have been carried out on the incidence of nematode among various groups of individuals ranging from pupils to government workers as well as urban and rural dwellers but few have been carried out pertaining to work done among pregnant women.
Information abounds on the numerousity of nematode infection among pregnant women world wide.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Gyarkos et al (1995), points out that the prevalence of nematode infection among pregnant women had been high lately. And there tend to be continuous cased of research keeps increasing in an arithmetic rate. And worst still, is that government are not making efforts in any regard in the eradication of prevalence of nematode infection. This has made most  women especially in urban areas physically and psychologically unbalanced, this affecting the future of our nation. Because according to world health organization, mothers health should be fundamental priority of any nation because it's non-existent affects the manpower, educational and technological advancement (W.H.O.1999).
1.3    OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
There is need to continually evaluate the occurrence of the nematode intestinal parasite in the population. The objective of the
work was therefore to
    To investigate on the incidence of nematode in  Women
    To survey the intestinal nematodes of medical importance in pregnant women
    To assess the risk factors associated with nematode intestinal parasite in  women.
1.4     LIMITATIONS
This research work is limited to the incidence nematode in
 women in Esut teaching hospital due to
a)    Time factor
b)    Finance
1.5    JUSTIFICATION
The diagnosis and the prevalence of nematode infection would enable one to know the impact of these nematode infection among pregnant women in Enugu metropolis and this would go a long way in the procuring of solution to the incidence of infection in Nigeria.
 

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