THE ROLE OF MILITARY IN INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY: A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA 1999-2007
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Introduction
Aims and objectives…
Methodology
Literature Review
Chapterization
Endnotes  
CHAPTER TWO: MILITARY POWER IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Introduction
The Military Industrial Complex
Control of Military Force
Command…
State and Militaries
Conclusion…
Endnotes……
CHAPTER THREE: NIGERIA AS A MILITARY POWER UN WEST AFRICA
Introduction
Peacekeeping and Peace Support Operations…    
Mediation
The Fight Against Cross Border Criminal Activities……………………….
Consolidate of Democracy
Strategic Training of Military Personnel…
Conclusion……
Endnotes
CHAPTER FOUR: CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS OF NIGERIA AS A MILITARY POWER
Introduction
Domestic level…
Perspective of Neighbors
Nigeria and Extra- African Security Interest in West Africa
Conclusion…
Endnotes
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion
BIBLOGRAPHY
CHAPTER ONE
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Introduction
    International relations took a different turn after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the end of the cold war, the nations of Eastern Europe posed a unique challenge to their western counter parts1. The western government feared that Eastern Europe would sink into chaos and this led western government to embrace a bold strategy in which they utilized their own military forces to help reconstruct the armed forces of former war saw Pact countries through non violent activities. T his gave birth to the term “defence diplomacy”2. Defence Diplomacy works not on the capacity of forces to impose their will but rather their ability to constructively engage their opposition and use cooperation to bring about a mutually desired   outcome3.
    Nigeria’s approach to sub-regional security has been largely influenced by the national role conceived for it in international relations by its leaders. This perspective has propelled Nigeria to the centre stage of African Affairs generally and in West African security matters in particular4. In the past few decades, member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) have had to contend with quite a number of security problems, the type which was not envisage when the treaty establishing the organization was signed in 19755. At the first session of the ECOWAS Standing Committee under the leadership of Nigeria from 7th to 8th August 1990, the principle of non-intervention was waved aside, considering the tragic situation6. Since that initial period ECOWAS with Nigeria’s support,  has had to intervene again and again in other member state, it did so in Sierra Leone from 1997 to 2000, in Guinea Bissau in 1999 and in Cote d’Ivoire from 2002 and indeed with crisis that engulfed the centre Mano River Basin.7
    Thus, Nigeria could be appropriately considered a driver of security policy in West Africa. This is because of the loosely structured defence system, for which only Nigeria has the size, logistic resources and experience to serve as the core of an ECOWAS rapid deployment force. The role in this regard is quite broad, including conflict resolution through peace-keeping and peace support operations and mediation of political crisis in the sub region, along with personal diplomatic efforts.
Aims and Objectives
    This research work is focused on Nigeria as a military power in West Africa. The policies Nigeria executed that showed her as a military power from (1999 – 2007) in international diplomacy, and also the challenges and obstacle Nigeria faces as a military power in West Africa.
Methodology
This research work will consist of two methods of writing, namely:
Primary and secondary sources of information gathering;
Primary Source:
    The primary source will be oral interview from military personnel, journals and other relevant materials.
Secondary Source:
    The secondary source of information will be text books, Journals, articles and other relevant materials. Thus a comprehensive work will be done in this research work.
Literature Review
    The work of Gregory Winger in his book “THE VELVET GAVNTTET” A Theory of Defence Diplomacy, talks about defence diplomacy also known as military diplomacy. His work seeks to resolve the conceptual ambiguity surrounding defence diplomacy by formally integrating the practice into the broader study of power and international statecraft. He identifies defence diplomacy as a variant of soft power and it is used to help government achieve their international objectives. Also in the proceedings of a conference organized by the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs in Collaboration with the Friedrich Ebert Foundation on “NEPAD in the Nigerian Dock”, insights on issues that are pertinent to the Nigerian position on the successful implementation of NEPAD and how it seeks to provide a home grown solution to internal demands for development, national reconstruction and reconciliation, democracy, good governance, as well as peace and security, and Africa achieving a substantial growth in the 21st century. Chapter six talks of NEPAD and the human security,  and  what NEPAD has to offer to the African people in order to reduce upsurge in intra-state conflict in Africa, which is connected with the rapid collapse of human security. NEPAD constitutes a concept between African leaders and their people.
     In the book, PEACE KEEPING AS A SECURITY STRATEGY IN AFRICA CHAD AND LIBERIA AS CASE STUDIES, by M.A. VOGT and L.S AMINU eds. Volume 1 and 2 indentified that a in a world of increasing demand for peace making, peace keeping and post conflict peace building, Africa can no longer afford to abandon the management of crisis in Africa to external factors. Africa therefore, needs to develop strategies for the management of conflict and crisis, and participate in the search for solutions to conflicts in Africa and the rest of the world. The great and complex problems of peace-keeping operations have now mushroomed, and some instances seem to have taken some character of peace enforcement, yet it is important to maintain the differences between peace keeping and peace enforcement.
    The book analysis the Liberia and Chad conflict and the role in which Africa played in these conflict through OAU, ECOWAS and ECOMOG, also the role played by Nigeria in peace keeping and conflict resolution in these two countries. JOY.U/. OGWU and OLUKOSHI .O. ADEBAYO gave a general overview of the Nigerian economic state and the economic role it played in international diplomacy in Africa in the book THE ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY OF THE NIGERIAN STATE.
 Chapterization
Chapter 1:  Military power in International Relations:
    This chapter talks about the role and activities of military power in international relations. This chapter will deal with the various theories of military power and the effect of international relations on military activities from 1999 to 2007.
Chapter 2: Nigeria as a Military Power in West Africa:
    This chapter will talk about the policies executed by Nigeria in the in continuous crisis in West Africa and how Nigeria handled these   crisis as a military power with Logistic strategies and experiences.
Chapter 3: Challenges and problems of Nigeria as a Military Power:
    This chapter will talk about the domestic problems, Economic problems and the obstacle she faces in the countries she is carrying out her diplomatic missions. Also this chapter will highlight the measures or steps that have been taken to effect changes and solutions to these problems.
Chapter 4: Conclusion
    This chapter will give a total summary of chapter 1 to 3 and will assert if the Nigerian government was able to make any changes in the African conflict in practice or it was in theory only.
 Endnotes
Hyde-Price, Adrian. "Normative Power Europe: A Realist Critique." Journal of European Public Policy 13.2 (2006): 217-234.
Joffe, Josef. "The Perils of Soft Power." The New York Times Magazine 14 May 2006, p15.
Joshua, Wynfred, and Stephen P. Gibert. Arms for the Third World: Soviet Military Aid Diplomacy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969.p.45.
Laidi, Zaki. Norms Over Force. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.p. 34.
Meacham, Jon. Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship. New York: Random House, 2004, p.54.
Mearsheimer, John. "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War." International Security 15.1 (1990), pp.5-56.
Michalski, Anna. "The EU as a Soft Power: The Force of Persuasion." The New Public Diplomacy.¬Soft Power in International Relations. Ed. Jan Melissen. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, pp, 124¬-144.
 

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