MICROBIAL ISOLATION OF THAWED AND COOKED PORK MEAT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    Purpose of Study    -    -    -    -
1.2    Scope of study    -    -    -    -    -
1.3    Methodology    -    -    -    
1.4    Definition of Terms    -    -    -    
1.5    Review of Literature    -    -    
1.6    Thesis Statement    -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER TWO
VIOLENCE
2.0    Introduction    -    -    -    -    -
2.1    Cause of Violence    -    -    -    -    -    
2.2    Eugene Achike    -    -    -    -    -
2.3    Effects of Violence    -    -    -    
2.4    Kambili    -    -    -    -    
2.5    Beatrice    -    -    -    -    -    
2.6    Papa Nnukwu    -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER THREE
HYPOCRISY    -    -    -    -    -    -
3.0    Introduction    -    -    -    -    -    -
3.1    The Achikes    -    -    -    -    -
CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION    -    -    -    -    -    
REFERENCES    -    -    -    -    -    -    
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    Purpose of Study
This essay aims at addressing the issue of hypocrisy and violence in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus.
The purpose of this essay is also to examine the causes, effects and reaction of the affected characters towards the issue of hypocrisy and violence.
1.2    Scope of study
    This essay is based on Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus. However, reference will be made to other works of hers and other relevant materials to the discourse.
1.3    Methodology
    In this essay, the primary text Purple Hibiscus is studied alongside other secondary materials like articles, research papers, group discussions, internet materials as well as journals. The method applied in this work is textual analysis.
1.4    Definition of Terms
Violence
Violence as defined by the Oxford English Dictionary is “a violation of conditions which are supposed to be held in high esteem either by force or through diplomatic means” (22).
Georges Sorel, defines Violence as “the exercise of physical force so as to inflict injury on or cause damage to persons or property; action or conducts characterized by this treatment or usage tending to cause bodily injury or forcibly interfering with personal freedom”.
The Oxford learner’s Dictionary Seventh Edition defines Violence as “violent behavior that is intended to hurt or kill somebody”.
Hypocrisy
According to the  Free Dictionary by Fartex, Hypocrisy is the practice of professing beliefs, feeling or virtues that one does not hold or possess; falseness. It is also an act or instance of such falseness.
Hypocrisy is also described as a feigning to be what one is not or to believe what one does not; especially the false assumption of appearance of virtue or religion.
According to Fellow Dictionary.com, Hypocrisy is a pretense of having a virtuous character, moral or religious beliefs or principles, etc, that one does not really possess. A pretense of having some describable or publicly approve attitude.
1.5    Review of Literature
Several writers have done numerous works on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus. The book has gained attention from both local and foreign critics and reviews.
According to Anthony C. Oha in his view of the novel says that;
“the motif of innocence helps Adichie to achieve concrete realism
devoid of excessive exaggerations. In the world of the child, details are hardly seen but truth is hardly compressed. All these are seen in Purple Hibiscus. It is a novel shrouded in the reality of odds and the pains of anarchy” (208).
The critic above sees the novel as devoid of exaggerations but written in plain truth. He comments that Adichie effectively presents her work in an easy way to enable the readers easily capture the message.
    Ugwuanyi Oruchukwu Kingsley examines the noel Purple Hibiscus, by looking at the characters as well as what their actions seem to have influenced. We have in his words, thus:
“There is no doubt that new dimensions to postcolonial criticism are still evolving. But the analysis here explores the danger of subjecting oneself to orientations and behaviours which colonial connotations. Much has been done on Purple Hibiscus but the approach adopted in this discourse appears noble, for it takes a close examination of the actions of the characters and their implications to our understanding of the postcolonial life”. (37)
The critic pays more attention to the actions of the characters in the novel and how these actions are suggested to have influenced the characters because of colonial mentality. The actions of Eugene (Papa) the male antagonist of the novel, is a typical example. He adds that:
The climax of Eugene’s brutality in Purple Hibiscus is seen when he burns the feet of his children for staying in the same house with their grandfather, Papa Nnukwu. Also, the two incidents where he beats his wife such that she suffers a miscarriage may have made him to commit what Ernest Emenyonu calls “Tragic-Excesses”. (40)
Here, Ugwuanyi Kingsley tries to show the weakness of Eugene’s religious display as influenced by the whites he works with in his catholic church.
Another critic Christopher Anyaokwu views Purple Hibiscus from a linguistic perspective. He says:
“The meter of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Purple Hibiscus is largely adroit interweave of thoroughly domesticated English, complete with Nigerianisms, slangs, buzzwords, among others. Besides, we find in the novel an admirably successful overlading contextual realism”. (83)
Here, Christopher Anyaokwu’s focus is that of Adichie’s linguistic competence which puts her novel, Purple Hibiscus, on the path of literary grandeur. He sees the work as unique because of slangs and certain words the writer adopts.
    According to Jonathan Highfield, who concentrates on symbolism of the Hibiscus flower on the experience of Kambili and other actions of violence in the text Purple Hibiscus, the Hibiscus flower serves as a potent, symbol of resilence of violence towards women.
    Basically, even though Highfield discusses evidence of violence in Purple Hibiscus, his emphasis are on the metaphor of Purple Hibiscus. Ahmed Maidawa however, explains that Purple Hibiscus, is more closely related to Meghann Cleary’s The Thorn Birds. Some of Meghann Cleary’s in the fields, the protective role of Frank for his mother against his father which duplicated in Purple Hibiscus to spin the wheel of suspense.
    Another critic also discusses the need to fight for and get freedom using Purple Hibiscus as a backdrop. According to him;
Eugene Achike popularly known as Papa dominates his family to the point that Chimamanda arouses silence as a device for the Nigerian people. These repressive rulers Nigeria has suffered throughout most of its history have demanded that its people remain silent (Bernestian).
According to Bill Brown in a review  titled “Fiction: A moveable Feast” a Nigerian coming of age with her boisterous relatives yields appetizing result says Americans have no problem eating a big Mac with their hands, but to get them to venture into a West African restaurant, where forming balls to fulfill a thick yam porridge”.
    Again in an electric review, Andrade Susan in her article, “Adeichie’s Geneologies National and Feminine Novels”, comments on Adichie’s works “having elements of relation to Adichies’s works more importantly they form part of a longer tradition of writing by African women, while at the same time, they extend that traditional like novels by Nwapa, Emecheta and others”. Adichie’s novel present a politics of the family while quietly but clearly telling stories of the nation. Adichie also tells more explicit tales of the Nigerian National imaginary, especially in her second novel, Half of a Yellow Sun. Adichie advances her story telling in Purple Hibiscus by telling a domestic tale with yet stronger national overtone”.
    Finally Emily Whitchurch in her article “Culture wars” she states that:
“Through the eyes of a fifteen years old Kambili, notions of freedom and religion are gently explored. But the novel goes beyond a simple coming-of-age story by reading the wider social and cultural events that reflects and inform this experience. Eugene cannot see that his household is a microcosm of the regime he opposes”.
In conclusion, many critics seem to have expressed their views on the novel relating the family issues and influence colonialism has on the characters in the novel but not much has been done to critically reflect on the issues of Hypocrisy and violence. Therefore, this essay will examine how violence and hypocrisy are effectively portrayed by the author in the novel.
1.6    Thesis Statement
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus, deeply reflects the violent and hypocritical nature of men in the home and society. The author creates characters and situations and also deploys language and literary devices that bring out most clearly these points.

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